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Bootstrap到底是什么？

歡迎來到Bootstrap課堂，加入高端大氣上檔次的web前端開發(fā)團(tuán)隊。上一小節(jié)Bootstrap做了簡單的介紹，下面我們再來了解一下Bootstrap的前世今緣，在右側(cè)是用Bootstrap預(yù)設(shè)的組件樣式，包括按鈕、表格、標(biāo)簽、導(dǎo)航等，感興趣的小伙伴可以先睹為快，后面的章節(jié)我們會對這些組件做詳細(xì)講解。

2011年，twitter的“一小撮”工程師為了提高他們內(nèi)部的分析和管理能力，用業(yè)余時間為他們的產(chǎn)品構(gòu)建了一套易用、優(yōu)雅、靈活、可擴(kuò)展的前端工具集--BootStrap。Bootstrap由MARK OTTO和Jacob Thornton所設(shè)計和建立，在github上開源之后，迅速成為該站上最多人watch&fork的項目。大量工程師踴躍為該項目貢獻(xiàn)代碼，社區(qū)驚人地活躍，代碼版本進(jìn)化非常快速，官方文檔質(zhì)量極其高(可以說是優(yōu)雅)，同時涌現(xiàn)了許多基于Bootstrap建設(shè)的網(wǎng)站：界面清新、簡潔;要素排版利落大方。如屏幕這幾個網(wǎng)站頁面都是用Bootstrap框架制作的：

（http://www.ghostchina.com/）

（http://www.zend.com/）

（http://www.uberflip.com/）

GitHub上這樣介紹 bootstrap：

? 簡單靈活可用于架構(gòu)流行的用戶界面和交互接口的html、css、javascript工具集。

? 基于html5、css3的bootstrap，具有大量的誘人特性：友好的學(xué)習(xí)曲線，卓越的兼容性，響應(yīng)式設(shè)計，12列格網(wǎng)，樣式向?qū)臋n。

? 自定義JQuery插件，完整的類庫，基于Less等。

Bootstrap是否真的非常實用？帶著這些問題，我們將完成接下來的學(xué)習(xí)旅程——玩轉(zhuǎn)Bootstrap，并且通過Bootstrap構(gòu)建自己的Web應(yīng)用程序或者Web網(wǎng)站。

此課Bootstrap下載等更多信息詳見WIKI。

任務(wù)

我來試試：觀察代碼編輯器中的代碼，體驗一下Booststrap對樣式的各種使用。

?不會了怎么辦

index.html

<html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <title>Theme Template for Bootstrap</title>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body role="document"> <div class="container theme-showcase" role="main">  <div class="jumbotron"> <h1>Hello, world!</h1> <p>This is a template for a simple marketing or informational website. It includes a large callout called a jumbotron and three supporting pieces of content. Use it as a starting point to create something more unique.</p> <p><a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" role="button">Learn more »</a></p> </div> <div class="page-header"> <h1>按鈕</h1> </div> <p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-default">Default</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary">Primary</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-success">Success</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-info">Info</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-warning">Warning</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-danger">Danger</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-link">Link</button> </p> <p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button> </p> <p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-default">Default</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary">Primary</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-success">Success</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-info">Info</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-warning">Warning</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger">Danger</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-link">Link</button> </p> <p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default">Default</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-primary">Primary</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-success">Success</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-info">Info</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-warning">Warning</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-danger">Danger</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-link">Link</button> </p> <div class="page-header"> <h1>表格</h1> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> <th>Username</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Mark</td> <td>Otto</td> <td>@mdo</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Jacob</td> <td>Thornton</td> <td>@fat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Larry</td> <td>the Bird</td> <td>@twitter</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <table class="table table-striped"> <thead> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> <th>Username</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Mark</td> <td>Otto</td> <td>@mdo</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Jacob</td> <td>Thornton</td> <td>@fat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Larry</td> <td>the Bird</td> <td>@twitter</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> <th>Username</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1</td> <td>Mark</td> <td>Otto</td> <td>@mdo</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mark</td> <td>Otto</td> <td>@TwBootstrap</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Jacob</td> <td>Thornton</td> <td>@fat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td colspan="2">Larry the Bird</td> <td>@twitter</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> <th>Username</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Mark</td> <td>Otto</td> <td>@mdo</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Jacob</td> <td>Thornton</td> <td>@fat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td colspan="2">Larry the Bird</td> <td>@twitter</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="page-header"> <h1>Thumbnails</h1> </div> <img data-src="holder.js/200x200" class="img-thumbnail" alt="200x200" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIyMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iMjAwIj48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMjAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwMCIgZmlsbD0iI2VlZSIvPjx0ZXh0IHRleHQtYW5jaG9yPSJtaWRkbGUiIHg9IjEwMCIgeT0iMTAwIiBzdHlsZT0iZmlsbDojYWFhO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0OmJvbGQ7Zm9udC1zaXplOjEzcHg7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6QXJpYWwsSGVsdmV0aWNhLHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7ZG9taW5hbnQtYmFzZWxpbmU6Y2VudHJhbCI+MjAweDIwMDwvdGV4dD48L3N2Zz4=" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"> <div class="page-header"> <h1>Labels</h1> </div> <h1> <span class="label label-default">Default</span> <span class="label label-primary">Primary</span> <span class="label label-success">Success</span> <span class="label label-info">Info</span> <span class="label label-warning">Warning</span> <span class="label label-danger">Danger</span> </h1> <h2> <span class="label label-default">Default</span> <span class="label label-primary">Primary</span> <span class="label label-success">Success</span> <span class="label label-info">Info</span> <span class="label label-warning">Warning</span> <span class="label label-danger">Danger</span> </h2> <h3> <span class="label label-default">Default</span> <span class="label label-primary">Primary</span> <span class="label label-success">Success</span> <span class="label label-info">Info</span> <span class="label label-warning">Warning</span> <span class="label label-danger">Danger</span> </h3> <h4> <span class="label label-default">Default</span> <span class="label label-primary">Primary</span> <span class="label label-success">Success</span> <span class="label label-info">Info</span> <span class="label label-warning">Warning</span> <span class="label label-danger">Danger</span> </h4> <h5> <span class="label label-default">Default</span> <span class="label label-primary">Primary</span> <span class="label label-success">Success</span> <span class="label label-info">Info</span> <span class="label label-warning">Warning</span> <span class="label label-danger">Danger</span> </h5> <h6> <span class="label label-default">Default</span> <span class="label label-primary">Primary</span> <span class="label label-success">Success</span> <span class="label label-info">Info</span> <span class="label label-warning">Warning</span> <span class="label label-danger">Danger</span> </h6> <p> <span class="label label-default">Default</span> <span class="label label-primary">Primary</span> <span class="label label-success">Success</span> <span class="label label-info">Info</span> <span class="label label-warning">Warning</span> <span class="label label-danger">Danger</span> </p> <div class="page-header"> <h1>Badges</h1> </div> <p> <a href="#">Inbox <span class="badge">42</span></a> </p> <ul class="nav nav-pills" role="tablist"> <li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="#">Home <span class="badge">42</span></a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="#">Profile</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="#">Messages <span class="badge">3</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="page-header"> <h1>Navs</h1> </div> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist"> <li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="#">Profile</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="#">Messages</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav nav-pills" role="tablist"> <li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="#">Profile</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="#">Messages</a></li> </ul> <div class="page-header"> <h1>Navbars</h1> </div> <div class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project name</a> </div> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#about">About</a></li> <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li class="divider"></li> <li class="dropdown-header">Nav header</li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navbar navbar-inverse"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project name</a> </div> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#about">About</a></li> <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li class="divider"></li> <li class="dropdown-header">Nav header</li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-header"> <h1>Alerts</h1> </div> <div class="alert alert-success" role="alert"> <strong>Well done!</strong> You successfully read this important alert message. </div> <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"> <strong>Heads up!</strong> This alert needs your attention, but it's not super important. </div> <div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert"> <strong>Warning!</strong> Best check yo self, you're not looking too good. </div> <div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert"> <strong>Oh snap!</strong> Change a few things up and try submitting again. </div> <div class="page-header"> <h1>Progress bars</h1> </div> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="60" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 60%;"><span class="sr-only">60% Complete</span></div> </div> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-success" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="40" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 40%"><span class="sr-only">40% Complete (success)</span></div> </div> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-info" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="20" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 20%"><span class="sr-only">20% Complete</span></div> </div> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-warning" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="60" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 60%"><span class="sr-only">60% Complete (warning)</span></div> </div> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-danger" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="80" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 80%"><span class="sr-only">80% Complete (danger)</span></div> </div> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-striped" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="60" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 60%"><span class="sr-only">60% Complete</span></div> </div> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-success" style="width: 35%"><span class="sr-only">35% Complete (success)</span></div> <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-warning" style="width: 20%"><span class="sr-only">20% Complete (warning)</span></div> <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-danger" style="width: 10%"><span class="sr-only">10% Complete (danger)</span></div> </div> <div class="page-header"> <h1>List groups</h1> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item">Cras justo odio</li> <li class="list-group-item">Dapibus ac facilisis in</li> <li class="list-group-item">Morbi leo risus</li> <li class="list-group-item">Porta ac consectetur ac</li> <li class="list-group-item">Vestibulum at eros</li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <div class="list-group"> <a href="#" class="list-group-item active"> Cras justo odio </a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Dapibus ac facilisis in</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Morbi leo risus</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Porta ac consectetur ac</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Vestibulum at eros</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <div class="list-group"> <a href="#" class="list-group-item active"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">List group item heading</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit.</p> </a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">List group item heading</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit.</p> </a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">List group item heading</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit.</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-header"> <h1>Panels</h1> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-info"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <div class="panel panel-warning"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-danger"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> </body> </html>

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