我正在使用 Tkinter 創(chuàng)建 Blackjack GUI 游戲，但遇到了一個(gè)問(wèn)題：當(dāng)添加新牌時(shí)，交易按鈕會(huì)從屏幕上清除舊牌的圖像。我有根據(jù)的猜測(cè)是，當(dāng)我再次使用該函數(shù)時(shí)，card_image該函數(shù)的內(nèi)部deal()正在覆蓋自身。如果是這種情況，為什么會(huì)這樣？最好的解決辦法是什么？謝謝。import randomfrom tkinter import *from PIL import Image, ImageTkroot =Tk()root.title('21 Blackjack')root.iconbitmap('images/21_cards.ico')root.geometry('1280x750')root.configure(bg='green')cards = []suits = ['hearts', 'clubs', 'diamonds', 'spades']face_cards = ['ace', 'jack', 'queen', 'king']extension = 'png'for y in suits: for x in range(2, 11): name = 'images/{}-{}.{}'.format(str(x), y, extension) cards.append(name) for x in face_cards: name = 'images/{}-{}.{}'.format(str(x), y, extension) cards.append(name)print(cards)print(len(cards))random.shuffle(cards)print(cards[0])hand = []def deal(): global card_image, card_label, hand card_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(cards[0]).resize((180, 245), Image.ANTIALIAS)) card_label = Label(root, image=card_image, relief="raised").pack(side="left") hand += cards[:1] cards.pop(0) print(hand)deal_button = Button(root, text="deal", command=deal).pack()root.mainloop()
3 回答
一只甜甜圈
TA貢獻(xiàn)1836條經(jīng)驗(yàn) 獲得超5個(gè)贊
正如人們指出的那樣，我需要添加card_label.image = card_image該函數(shù)并刪除card_image和card_label全局以阻止圖像被刪除。但出于某種原因，Python 不喜歡在我這樣做之前打包圖像。
該函數(shù)現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)像這樣。
global hand
card_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(cards[0]).resize((180, 245), Image.ANTIALIAS))
card_label = Label(root, image=card_image, relief="raised")
card_label.image = card_image
card_label.pack(side="left")
hand += cards[:1]
cards.pop(0)
print(hand)
尚方寶劍之說(shuō)
TA貢獻(xiàn)1788條經(jīng)驗(yàn) 獲得超4個(gè)贊
代替
card_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(cards[0]).resize((180, 245), Image.ANTIALIAS))
card_label = Label(root, image=card_image, relief="raised").pack(side="left")
做：
card_label = Label(root, image=card_image, relief="raised").pack(side="left")
card_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(cards[0]).resize((180, 245), Image.ANTIALIAS))
card_label.image = card_image #Keeps reference to the image so it's not garbage collected
請(qǐng)注意，當(dāng)您想使用照片時(shí)，請(qǐng)使用變量card_image
滄海一幻覺(jué)
TA貢獻(xiàn)1824條經(jīng)驗(yàn) 獲得超5個(gè)贊
您應(yīng)該使用圖像池。你很幸運(yùn)，我這里有一個(gè)
import os
from glob import glob
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
from typing import List, Tuple, Union, Dict, Type
from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class Image_dc:
image :Image.Image
rotate :int = 0
photo :ImageTk.PhotoImage = None
def size(self) -> Tuple[int]:
if not self.photo is None:
return self.photo.width(), self.photo.height()
return self.image.width, self.image.height
class ImagePool(object):
##__> PRIVATE INTERFACE <__##
__PATHS = dict()
__IMAGES = dict()
@staticmethod
def __name(path) -> str:
return os.path.basename(os.path.splitext(path)[0])
@staticmethod
def __unique(path:str, prefix:str='') -> str:
name = f'{prefix}{ImagePool.__name(path)}'
if name in ImagePool.names():
sol = 'using a prefix' if not prefix else f'changing your prefix ({prefix})'
msg = ("WARNING:\n"
f"{name} was not loaded due to a same-name conflict.\n"
f"You may want to consider {sol}.\n\n")
print(msg)
return None
return name
@staticmethod
def __request(name:str) -> Image_dc:
if name in ImagePool.__PATHS:
path = ImagePool.paths(name)
if os.path.isfile(path):
if name not in ImagePool.__IMAGES:
ImagePool.__IMAGES[name] = Image_dc(Image.open(path))
return ImagePool.__IMAGES[name]
else:
raise ValueError(f'ImagePool::__request - Path Error:\n\tpath is not a valid file\n\t{path}')
raise NameError(f'ImagePool::__request - Name Error:\n\t"{name}" does not exist')
return None
@staticmethod
def __size(iw:int, ih:int, w:int=None, h:int=None, scale:float=1.0) -> Tuple[int]:
if not w is None and not h is None:
if iw>ih:
ih = ih*(w/iw)
r = h/ih if (ih/h) > 1 else 1
iw, ih = w*r, ih*r
else:
iw = iw*(h/ih)
r = w/iw if (iw/w) > 1 else 1
iw, ih = iw*r, h*r
return int(iw*scale), int(ih*scale)
##__> PUBLIC INTERFACE <__##
@staticmethod
def names(prefix:str='') -> List[str]:
names = [*ImagePool.__PATHS]
return names if not prefix else list(filter(lambda name, pre=prefix: name.startswith(pre), names))
@staticmethod
def paths(name:str=None) -> Union[Dict, str]:
if name is None:
return ImagePool.__PATHS
if name in ImagePool.__PATHS:
return ImagePool.__PATHS[name]
raise NameError(f'ImagePool::paths - Name Error:\n\tname "{name}" does not exist')
@staticmethod
def images(name:str=None, prefix:str='') -> Union[Dict, Image.Image]:
if name is None:
return {name:ImagePool.__request(name).image for name in self.names(prefix)}
return ImagePool.__request(name).image
@staticmethod
def photos(name:str=None, prefix:str='') -> Union[Dict, ImageTk.PhotoImage]:
if name is None:
return {name:ImagePool.__request(name).photo for name in self.names(prefix)}
return ImagePool.__request(name).photo
@staticmethod
def append_file(path:str, prefix:str='') -> Type:
if not os.path.isfile(path):
raise ValueError(f'ImagePool::append_file - Value Error:\n\tpath is not valid\n\t{path}')
name = ImagePool.__unique(path, prefix)
if name:
ImagePool.__PATHS[name] = path
return ImagePool
@staticmethod
def append_directory(directory:str, filters=['*.png', '*.jpg'], prefix:str='') -> Type:
if not os.path.isdir(directory):
raise ValueError(f'ImagePool::append_directory - Value Error:\n\tdirectory is not valid\n\t{directory}')
filters = filters if isinstance(filters, (List, Tuple)) else [filters]
for filter in filters:
for path in glob(f'{directory}/{filter}'):
ImagePool.append_file(path, prefix)
return ImagePool
@staticmethod
def photo(name:str, width:int=None, height:int=None, scale:float=1.00, rotate:int=None) -> ImageTk.PhotoImage:
image_t = ImagePool.__request(name)
size = ImagePool.__size(*image_t.size(), width, height, scale)
rotate = image_t.rotate if rotate is None else rotate
#only resize if the new size or rotation is different than the current photo size or rotation
#however, a small margin for error must be considered for the size
diff = tuple(map(lambda i, j: i-j, image_t.size(), size))
if (diff > (1, 1)) or (diff < (-1, -1)) or (image_t.rotate != rotate):
image_t.rotate = rotate
image_t.photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image_t.image.resize(size, Image.LANCZOS).rotate(rotate))
return image_t.photo
使用該文件您可以非常輕松地做很多事情。您可以將所有卡片圖像放入一個(gè)文件夾中，并通過(guò)以下方式獲取它們：
ImagePool.append_directory(path_to_folder)
然后，您可以獲取任何卡并強(qiáng)制其適合其父級(jí)（無(wú)論如何）：
somelabel['image'] = ImagePool.photo(image_name, allotted_width, allotted_height)
要不就：
somelabel['image'] = ImagePool.photo(image_name)
你可以得到池中每個(gè)名字的列表
deck = ImagePool.names()
或者在附加目錄的同時(shí)抓取它
deck = ImagePool.append_directory(path_to_folder).names()
這對(duì)您非常有幫助，因?yàn)槟梢院?jiǎn)單地洗牌并彈出該列表作為游戲中的官方“牌組”。像這樣：
somecard['image'] = ImagePool.photo(deck.pop(0))
假設(shè)您不僅擁有卡片圖形，但又不想在創(chuàng)建牌組時(shí)獲得所有圖像，那么也有一個(gè)解決方案。
首先在附加卡片圖像目錄時(shí)提供前綴，然后在調(diào)用names(). 只要卡片圖像目錄中只有卡片圖像，則只會(huì)返回卡片名稱。
deck = ImagePool.append_directory(path_to_folder, prefix='cards_').names('cards_')
筆記：
allotted區(qū)域僅被分配，絕不應(yīng)被假定為代表實(shí)際圖像的最終寬度和/或高度。圖像將盡一切努力適應(yīng)分配的空間，而不會(huì)丟失其原始的高度和寬度比例。如果您不提供分配的寬度和高度，圖像將是完整尺寸。
所有圖像和照片參考都會(huì)自動(dòng)維護(hù)在ImagePool. 沒(méi)有理由存儲(chǔ)您自己的參考資料
整個(gè)類是靜態(tài)的，因此可以在任何地方訪問(wèn)所有圖像和照片的引用，而無(wú)需ImagePool實(shí)例。換句話說(shuō)，您永遠(yuǎn)不需要這樣做：images = ImagePool()因此永遠(yuǎn)不需要弄清楚如何進(jìn)入images某些class或其他文檔。
在您開(kāi)始請(qǐng)求圖像之前，不會(huì)實(shí)際加載圖像，然后它會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)生。這是一件好事。你有 52 張卡，但如果你在第一場(chǎng)比賽中只使用 ex: 6 ~ 只有 6 張會(huì)完全加載。最終，所有卡牌都會(huì)被玩完并被完全加載，并且您在游戲中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)嘗試一次完全創(chuàng)建 52 張卡牌的情況。
該類ImagePool具有更多功能，但此處解釋的功能是您的游戲所需的全部功能。
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