我正在嘗試為 http post 實現(xiàn)編寫一個單元測試。但是，我無法正確模擬 httpclient，并且我的 when 語句永遠(yuǎn)不會被觸發(fā)。我編寫的單元測試是進(jìn)行實際的 http 調(diào)用，而不是使用模擬響應(yīng)進(jìn)行響應(yīng)。我們?nèi)绾卫^續(xù)模擬 HttpClientBuilder 創(chuàng)建的客戶端？Http方法實現(xiàn)：HttpResponse postRequest(String url, String request) { HttpResponse resp = null; try { HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().useSystemProperties().build(); HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); post.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); post.setEntity(new StringEntity(request)); resp = client.execute(post); } catch (Exception e) { return null; }}測試方法：@Mockprivate HttpClient httpClient;when(httpClient.execute(any())).thenReturn(httpResponse);
1 回答
飲歌長嘯
TA貢獻(xiàn)1951條經(jīng)驗 獲得超3個贊
我們?nèi)绾卫^續(xù)模擬 HttpClientBuilder 創(chuàng)建的客戶端？
我們不！
盡量避免嘲笑第三方的擔(dān)憂
創(chuàng)建緊密耦合的靜態(tài)實現(xiàn)問題的抽象
public interface HttpClientFactory {
public HttpClient create();
}
通過一個將在生產(chǎn)中使用的簡單實現(xiàn)。
public class HttpClientFactoryImpl implements HttpClientFactory {
//...
public HttpClient create() {
return HttpClientBuilder.create().useSystemProperties().build();
}
//...
}
使用依賴倒置，封裝類應(yīng)該顯式依賴于抽象，以避免違反單一職責(zé)原則（SRP）
public class SystemUnderTest {
private HttpClientFactory httpClientFactory;
public SystemUnderTest(HttpClientFactory httpClientFactory) {
this.httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
}
HttpResponse postRequest(String url, String request) {
HttpResponse resp = null;
try {
HttpClient client = httpClientFactory.create();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
post.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
post.setEntity(new StringEntity(request));
resp = client.execute(post);
return resp;
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
}
這種關(guān)注點分離 (SoC) 使其（您的封裝類）能夠更靈活地進(jìn)行單獨的單元測試。
@Test
public void testPostRequest() throws Exception {
// Arrange
HttpResponse expected = mock(HttpResponse.class);
HttpClient httpClient = mock(HttpClient.class);
when(httpClient.execute(any())).thenReturn(expected);
HttpClientFactory httpClientFactory = mock(HttpClientFactory.class);
when(httpClientFactory.create()).thenReturn(httpClient);
SystemUnderTest systemUnderTest = new SystemUnderTest(httpClientFactory);
String url = "http://url_here";
String request = "Hello World";
// Act
HttpResponse actual = systemUnderTest.postRequest(url, request);
// Assert
assertEquals(expected, actual);
//should also verify that the expected arguments as passed to execute()
}
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