我正在使用 MySQL 8.0 在 PHP 7.4 上運(yùn)行 Laravel 7。我有三個(gè)表，User和Company，Department以及它們各自的模型和工廠。我創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)要添加關(guān)系的測試：// MyTest.php$user = factory(User::class)->create();$company = factory(Company::class)->make();$company->user()->associate($user);$company->create(); // it fails here because of NOT NULL constraint, companies.user_id$department = factory(Department::class)->make();$department->company()->associate($company);$department->create();我收到以下錯(cuò)誤：Integrity constraint violation: 19 NOT NULL constraint failed: companies.user_id (SQL: insert into "companies" ("updated_at", "created_at") values (2020-03-10 07:27:51, 2020-03-10 07:27:51))我的表模式定義如下：// usersSchema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->string('name'); $table->string('email')->unique(); $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable(); $table->string('phone'); $table->integer('user_type'); $table->string('password'); $table->rememberToken(); $table->timestamps();});// companiesSchema::create('companies', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade'); $table->string('name'); $table->string('contact_email'); $table->string('contact_phone'); $table->timestamps();});// departmentsSchema::create('departments', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->foreignId('company_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade'); $table->string('name'); $table->string('contact_email'); $table->string('contact_phone'); $table->timestamps();});->nullable()我的理解是 SQL 表中不應(yīng)該有 NULL 值，這就是為什么我在遷移中刻意避免使用的原因。特別是對于像這樣的外鍵。
1 回答
慕標(biāo)琳琳
TA貢獻(xiàn)1830條經(jīng)驗(yàn) 獲得超9個(gè)贊
乍一看，您的表結(jié)構(gòu)的一些問題非常明顯。
您似乎正在嘗試向表中添加一
user_id列companies。假設(shè)您的公司有不止一名員工，這不是一個(gè)好主意。如果要使用
NOT NULL列，最好為每個(gè)列定義一個(gè)默認(rèn)值。
所以我們可以從編寫類似這樣的遷移開始，包括公司/用戶和部門/用戶關(guān)系的數(shù)據(jù)透視表：
// companies
Schema::create('companies', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('name');
$table->string('contact_email')->default('');
$table->string('contact_phone')->default('');
$table->timestamps();
});
// departments
Schema::create('departments', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('company_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
$table->string('name');
$table->string('contact_email')->default('');
$table->string('contact_phone')->default('');
$table->timestamps();
});
// users
Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('email')->unique();
$table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
$table->string('name')->default('');
$table->string('phone')->default('');
$table->integer('user_type')->default(0);
$table->string('password');
$table->rememberToken();
$table->timestamps();
});
Schema::create('company_user', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
$table->foreignId('company_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
});
Schema::create('department_user', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
$table->foreignId('department_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
});
現(xiàn)在我們有了表之間的鏈接。部門是公司的一部分；一個(gè)用戶可以是多個(gè)部門和/或多個(gè)公司的一部分。這導(dǎo)致以下關(guān)系：
class User extends Model {
// many-to-many
public function companies() {
return $this->belongsToMany(App\Company::class);
}
// many-to-many
public function departments() {
return $this->belongsToMany(App\Department::class);
}
}
class Company extends Model {
public function departments() {
// one-to-many
return $this->hasMany(App\Department::class);
}
public function users() {
// many-to-many
return $this->belongsToMany(App\User::class);
}
}
class Department extends Model {
public function company() {
// one-to-many (inverse)
return $this->belongsTo(App\Company::class);
}
public function users() {
// many-to-many
return $this->belongsToMany(App\User::class);
}
}
現(xiàn)在這樣的代碼應(yīng)該可以工作了：
$user = factory(User::class)->create();
$company = factory(Company::class)->create();
$user->companies()->attach($company);
$company->departments()->create([
'name' => 'Department 1',
'contact_email' => 'department1@example.test',
'contact_phone' => '123456789',
]);
具體來說，該attach方法用于根據(jù)您的原始表格布局更新您似乎沒有定義的多對多關(guān)系。
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