我在 Java Spring Boot 應(yīng)用程序中使用 H2 作為測試數(shù)據(jù)庫，但是當(dāng)我想在嘗試插入重復(fù)的 ID/PK 時捕獲“重復(fù)鍵”異常時，H2 不會拋出任何內(nèi)容。有了郵遞員，一切都很好，我就是無法通過測試。真正的數(shù)據(jù)庫是 PostgreSQL，當(dāng)我與 Postman 集成測試時，它確實拋出異常。但是在單元測試時我認為沒有必要加載真正的DB所以我選擇了H2。H2配置：spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:tesdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE;mode=MySQLspring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driverspring.datasource.username=saspring.datasource.password=spring.datasource.testWhileIdle=truespring.datasource.validationQuery=SELECT 1spring.jpa.datasource.show-sql=truespring.h2.console.enabled=true # if you need console豆定義：@Entity@Data@JsonComponent@Table(name="bin_info")public class BinInfo implements Serializable, Persistable<String>{ //with Persistable we can check ID duplicate    @Id    @Size(min=6, max=8)    @Column(name="bin")    @JsonProperty("bin")    private String bin;    ...    /**     * Property for identifying whether the object is new or old,     * will insert(new) or update(old)     * If is new and id/bin is duplicate, org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException will be thrown.     * If is old and id/bin is duplicate, just updates. Hibernate save() will upsert and no complain.     */    @Transient    private boolean isNewObject;    @Override    public String getId() {        return this.bin;    }    @Override    public boolean isNew() {        return isNewObject;    }    @Override    public String getId() {        return this.bin;    }    @Override    public boolean isNew() {        return isNewObject;    }