在這個(gè)答案中，描述了由所有內(nèi)部cmd.exe命令返回的ERRORLEVEL值；它們根據(jù)值的更改方式進(jìn)行分組，并顯示為快速引用表。為了組裝這個(gè)表，我檢查了其他類(lèi)似的表，但是通過(guò)在Windows8.1計(jì)算機(jī)上執(zhí)行的測(cè)試來(lái)填充缺失的值。我盡了最大的努力來(lái)完整和精確地創(chuàng)建這些表，但是我沒(méi)有測(cè)試這里報(bào)告的每個(gè)和每個(gè)值，所以這可能是微妙的不一致。
表1-不更改先前ERRORLEVEL值的命令
BREAK
ECHO
ENDLOCAL
FOR Not change the ERRORLEVEL by itself. See "Exit Code" below.
IF Not change the ERRORLEVEL by itself.
PAUSE
RD Not change the ERRORLEVEL on errors, but the "Exit Code". See below.
REM
RMDIR Same as RD.
SET Plain SET command (no arguments). See "Table 3" below.
TITLE
表2-根據(jù)結(jié)果將ERRORLEVEL設(shè)置為0或1的命令
Command │ Set ERRORLEVEL = 0 when │ Set ERRORLEVEL = 1 when
────────┼───────────────────────────────┼──────────────────
CD │Current directory was changed. │Directory not exists or is not accessible.
CHDIR │Same as CD. │
COLOR │Color was changed. │Background and foreground colors are the same.
COPY │File(s) was processed. │File not found or bad parameters given.
DATE │Date was changed or not given. │User has no admin privileges.
DEL │Almost always, excepting when: │Bad or no parameters given.
DIR │Same as COPY. │
ERASE │Same as DEL. │
MD │Directory was created. │Directory could not be created.
MKDIR │Same as MD. │
MKLINK │Link was created. │Link could not be created or bad parameters given.
MOVE │File(s) was moved/renamed. │File not found, could not be moved/renamed or bad parameters.
PUSHD │Same as CD. │+ Bad switch given.
REN │Same as MOVE. │
RENAME │Same as MOVE. │
SETLOCAL│New environment was created. │Bad parameters given.
TIME │Time was changed or not given. │User has no admin privileges.
TYPE │Same as COPY. │
VERIFY │Right or no parameters given. │Bad parameters given.
VOL │Volume label was displayed. │Drive not found or bad parameters given.
表3-將ERRORLEVEL設(shè)置為錯(cuò)誤的命令；否則，不更改
Command │E│ Set ERRORLEVEL to = when
─────────────┼─┼─────────────────────────────────────────
ASSOC │*│1 = Extension associations could not be changed.
CLS │ │1 = Bad switch given.
DPATH │*│1 = Data path could not be established.
FTYPE │*│1 = File type associations could not be changed.
GOTO label │ │1 = Label not exist *in a subroutine* (equivalent to: EXIT /B 1).
KEYS │ │1 = Bad switch given.
PATH │*│1 = Path could not be changed.
POPD │ │1 = Bad switch given.
PROMPT |*│1 = Prompt could not be changed.
SET var │*│1 = No variable with such name exists.
SET var=value│*│1 = Variable name start with "/" not enclosed in quotes.
SET /P │*│1 = Read an empty line or at end of file.
SET /A │*│1073750988 = Unbalanced parentheses, 1073750989 = Missing operand,
│ │1073750990 = Syntax error, 1073750991 = Invalid number,
│ │1073750992 = Number larger than 32-bits, 1073750993 = Division by zero.
SHIFT │ │1 = Bad switch given.
表3中的“E”列表示那些相應(yīng)地將它們的行為更改為“擴(kuò)展”狀態(tài)的命令，如相應(yīng)的文檔中所描述的那樣。當(dāng)啟用擴(kuò)展名(默認(rèn))并將這些命令放置在以下文件中時(shí).CMD擴(kuò)展而不是.BAT第一，這些命令在結(jié)束時(shí)設(shè)置SETERRORLEVEL=0，即當(dāng)表3中描述的條件是不現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
表4-特殊情況
CALL Table1 │If the called command is anyone of Table 1 (excepting FOR and IF): set ERRORLEVEL = 0.
CALL subroutine │If the subroutine is called, not change prior ERRORLEVEL value;
│otherwise (subroutine not exists): set ERRORLEVEL = 1.
EXIT /B, EXIT │Not change prior ERRORLEVEL value.
EXIT /B number │Set ERRORLEVEL to given number.
EXIT number │Ends cmd.exe and set its returning ERRORLEVEL value to given number.
START command │If command is started, not change ERRORLEVEL; otherwise, set ERRORLEVEL = 9059.
START /WAIT bat |When the started Batch file end, set ERRORLEVEL = value from 'EXIT number' commmand.
notExist │If a non-existent command is entered for execution, set ERRORLEVEL = 9009.
VER │Set ERRORLEVEL = 0 almost always. If /? parameter is given, not change ERRORLEVEL.
出口代碼管理
有兩種方法可以測(cè)試ERRORLEVEL值：VIAIF ERRORLEVEL / IF %ERRORLEVEL%命令，或使用command && thenCmd when ERRORLEVEL is 0 || elseCmd when ERRORLEVEL is not 0構(gòu)造。但是，某些特定命令和重定向錯(cuò)誤返回的值僅適用于第二種情況，不反映在ERRORLEVEL中；我們可以將“退出代碼”稱(chēng)為這個(gè)值。如果退出代碼不是零，則可以將其傳遞給執(zhí)行表1的任何命令的ERRORLEVEL。elseCmd部分。有關(guān)此事的詳情，請(qǐng)參閱這個(gè)職位.
表5-設(shè)置退出代碼的命令或功能
Feature │ Set Exit Code to = when
─────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────
command │1 = Command not exist (when ERRORLEVEL = 9009).
redirection │1 = File not exists in "<", path not exists or access denied in ">" ">>".
drive: |1 = Drive unit not exists.
POPD |1 = No matching PUSHD was previously executed.
RD │1 = Bad switch given, 2 = Directory not found, 5 = Access denied,
│32 = Directory in use, 145 = Directory not empty.
FOR /F │1 = No data was processed.
例如，要測(cè)試是否發(fā)生重定向錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)使用以下命令：
command > C:\Path\that\does\not\exist\file.txt || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous redirection failed
在本例中，rem命令用于將退出代碼復(fù)制到ERRORLEVEL，但可以使用保留ERRORLEVEL的任何其他內(nèi)部命令(例外)FOR和IF).
若要測(cè)試驅(qū)動(dòng)器單元是否存在，請(qǐng)執(zhí)行以下操作：
U: || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous set current drive to U: unit failed
更多的例子：
rd c:\Some\directory 2> NUL || rem
if %errorlevel% equ 0 (
echo Directory deleted
) else if %errorlevel% equ 2 (
echo Directory not found
) else if %errorlevel% equ 5 (
echo Can not access the directory, check rights
) else if %errorlevel% equ 32 (
echo Can not delete current directory
) else if %errorlevel% equ 145 (
echo Directory is not empty, use /S switch
)
(for /F "options" %%a in (input.txt) do echo %%a) || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous FOR didn't processed any value
