Sentinel不同的流控效果學(xué)習(xí)入門
本文深入介绍了Sentinel的不同流控效果,包括直接式流控、关联式流控和降级机制,并提供了详细的配置示例。通过这些示例,读者可以更好地理解和实现Sentinel的流控功能。掌握这些内容将帮助你确保在高并发场景下系统能够稳定运行。
Sentinel简介与安装 Sentinel是什么Sentinel 是阿里巴巴开源的一个轻量级的、分布式的流控保护框架,旨在提供一站式的流量控制服务。它能够对微服务提供自动的流量控制、降级保护和系统自适应负载等功能,确保在高并发和大流量场景下,服务能够稳定运行。
Sentinel 诞生于阿里巴巴的双十一场景,历经多年双十一的打磨,已变得非常成熟和稳定。其设计目标是针对微服务中的流量进行实时监控和保护。它提供了简单直观的API,支持高并发场景下的实时监控和流控配置。通过 Sentinel,开发人员可以轻松地对微服务流量进行限制,从而避免系统因流量过大而崩溃。
安装SentinelSentinel 的安装和使用非常简单,支持多种编程语言和运行环境。以下是主要的安装步骤:
Gradle
在你的 Gradle 项目中添加以下依赖:
dependencies {
implementation 'com.alibaba.csp:sentinel:1.8.4'
}
Maven
在你的 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel</artifactId>
<version>1.8.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Spring Boot 集成
在 Spring Boot 项目中集成 Sentinel,除了添加依赖外,还需要配置 sentinel-spring-boot-starter
依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
<version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
初始化配置
在 Spring Boot 项目中,创建一个 SentinelProperties
配置类,配置 Sentinel 的初始化参数:
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.init.InitFunc;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.init.SentinelPropertyLoader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class CustomSentinelProperties implements InitFunc {
@Override
public void init() {
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(FlowRuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
}
}
将 CustomSentinelProperties
配置为 Spring Boot 的初始化函数:
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
@Bean
public InitFunc sentinelInit() {
return new CustomSentinelProperties();
}
}
运行环境准备
确保你的开发环境中有 Java 和 Maven/Gradle 安装。对于 Spring Boot 项目,确保你已经安装了 Spring Boot 的开发环境。
通过以上步骤,即可完成 Sentinel 的安装和基础配置。接下来我们将深入探讨流控的基本概念。
流控的基本概念 流控的目的流控(流量控制)是指对进入系统中的流量进行限制,以确保系统在高并发场景下可以稳定运行。主要目的是保护系统免于因流量过大而崩溃,并确保系统在流量激增时能够平稳地运行。
通过流控,可以限制进入系统的请求数量,从而避免服务被过多的请求压垮,导致服务不可用。同时,流控还可以帮助系统更好地分配资源,确保关键服务能够优先获得资源。
Sentinel支持的流控模式Sentinel 支持多种流控模式,每种模式都有其特定的用途和适用场景。以下是 Sentinel 支持的流控模式:
- QPS 控制:基于每秒请求次数的流量控制。适用于需要控制每秒请求量的场景。
- 并发数控制:基于并发请求数量的流量控制。适用于需要控制并发请求数的场景。
- 线程数控制:基于线程数的流量控制。适用于Java服务,控制并发线程的数量。
- 响应时间控制:基于请求响应时间的流量控制。适用于需要控制请求响应时间的情况。
QPS 控制
QPS 控制即每秒请求次数(Queries Per Second)。Sentinel 通过限制每秒请求次数来控制流量,适用于需要限制每秒请求量的场景。
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class QpsControlExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
while (true) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("HelloWorld")) {
System.out.println("Request is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
并发数控制
并发数控制是指限制某一时刻同时处理的请求数量。适用于需要限制并发数的场景。
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class ConcurrentControlExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_THREAD);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
while (true) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("HelloWorld")) {
System.out.println("Request is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
线程数控制
线程数控制是 Java 服务特有的,控制并发线程的数量。适用于需要控制并发线程数的场景。
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class ThreadControlExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_THREAD);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
while (true) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("HelloWorld")) {
System.out.println("Request is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
响应时间控制
响应时间控制是指基于请求响应时间的流量控制。适用于需要控制请求响应时间的场景。
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class ResponseTimeControlExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_RT);
rule.setCount(1000);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
while (true) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("HelloWorld")) {
System.out.println("Request is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
通过以上示例代码,可以更好地理解如何配置和使用不同类型的流控模式。接下来我们将详细介绍不同的流控效果。
不同的流控效果详解 直接式流控直接式流控是指当某个资源达到预设的流控阈值时,直接拒绝后续的请求。这种方式简单直接,可以有效地防止资源过载。
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class DirectFlowControlExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
while (true) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("HelloWorld")) {
System.out.println("Request is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
在以上代码中,流控规则设置了每秒最大请求次数为10次,当超过这个阈值时,后续的请求将被拒绝。
关联式流控关联式流控是指当某个资源达到预设的流控阈值时,关联的其他资源也会被流控。这种方式适用于多个资源之间存在依赖关系的场景。
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class AssociatedFlowControlExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
FlowRule rule1 = new FlowRule();
rule1.setResource("ResourceA");
rule1.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule1.setCount(10);
rule1.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
FlowRule rule2 = new FlowRule();
rule2.setResource("ResourceB");
rule2.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule2.setCount(10);
rule2.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
rule2.setControlBehavior(RuleConstant.CONTROL_BEHAVIOR_DEGRADE);
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
rules.add(rule1);
rules.add(rule2);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
while (true) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("ResourceA")) {
System.out.println("Request to ResourceA is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request to ResourceA is blocked.");
}
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("ResourceB")) {
System.out.println("Request to ResourceB is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request to ResourceB is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
在以上代码中,设置了资源A和资源B的流控规则,当资源A达到阈值时,资源B也会被流控。
降级降级是指当某个资源出现异常时,自动降低其服务质量,以确保系统的整体稳定。这种方式适用于需要降低异常服务影响的场景。
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class DegradationExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
rule.setControlBehavior(RuleConstant.CONTROL_BEHAVIOR_DEGRADE);
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
while (true) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("HelloWorld")) {
System.out.println("Request is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
在以上代码中,设置了资源的降级行为,当资源达到阈值时,后续的请求将被拒绝。
通过以上示例代码,可以更好地理解如何配置和使用不同的流控效果。
实战演练 设置直接式流控示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class DirectFlowControlExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
while (true) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("HelloWorld")) {
System.out.println("Request is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,设置了资源“HelloWorld”的流控规则,当每秒请求次数超过10次时,后续的请求将被拒绝。
设置关联式流控示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class AssociatedFlowControlExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
FlowRule rule1 = new FlowRule();
rule1.setResource("ResourceA");
rule1.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule1.setCount(10);
rule1.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
FlowRule rule2 = new FlowRule();
rule2.setResource("ResourceB");
rule2.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule2.setCount(10);
rule2.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
rule2.setControlBehavior(RuleConstant.CONTROL_BEHAVIOR_DEGRADE);
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
rules.add(rule1);
rules.add(rule2);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
while (true) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("ResourceA")) {
System.out.println("Request to ResourceA is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request to ResourceA is blocked.");
}
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("ResourceB")) {
System.out.println("Request to ResourceB is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request to ResourceB is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,设置了两个资源“ResourceA”和“ResourceB”的流控规则,当资源A达到阈值时,资源B也会被流控。
配置降级规则示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class DegradationExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
rule.setControlBehavior(RuleConstant.CONTROL_BEHAVIOR_DEGRADE);
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
while (true) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("HelloWorld")) {
System.out.println("Request is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,设置了资源“HelloWorld”的降级规则,当每秒请求次数超过10次时,后续的请求将被拒绝。
通过上述代码示例,可以更好地理解和实现不同的流控效果。
流控效果的测试 准备测试环境在进行流控效果测试之前,需要先准备测试环境。确保你已经安装了Sentinel,并且已经在项目中正确配置了Sentinel的相关依赖和规则。
- 确保Sentinel依赖已经添加到项目中
- 配置好Sentinel规则
- 启动应用程序
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.init.InitFunc;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class TestEnvironmentSetup implements InitFunc {
@Override
public void init() {
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
}
}
启动应用程序
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
@Bean
public InitFunc sentinelInit() {
return new TestEnvironmentSetup();
}
}
执行流控测试
在测试环境中执行流控测试,确保流控规则能够按照预期工作。
- 启动应用程序
- 发送请求以触发流控规则
- 检查控制台输出以确认流控效果
示例代码
public class FlowControlTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("HelloWorld")) {
System.out.println("Request " + i + " is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request " + i + " is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,尝试发送20个请求到资源“HelloWorld”,检查控制台输出以确认流控效果。
分析测试结果在执行流控测试后,通过控制台输出和日志信息来分析测试结果,确保流控规则能够按照预期工作。
- 检查控制台输出确认请求被允许或拒绝
- 分析日志信息验证流控效果
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
public class FlowControlTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
try (Entry entry = Sentinel.with("HelloWorld")) {
System.out.println("Request " + i + " is allowed.");
} catch (BlockException e) {
System.out.println("Request " + i + " is blocked.");
}
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,尝试发送20个请求到资源“HelloWorld”,检查控制台输出以确认流控效果。
通过以上步骤,可以确保流控规则能够按照预期工作。如果出现任何异常或不符合预期的情况,可以通过日志和控制台输出进一步分析和调试。
常见问题与解答 流控配置常见问题- 流控规则没有生效
- 确认规则是否正确加载到 Sentinel 中。
- 检查是否有其他规则覆盖了当前规则。
- 流控规则生效后无法恢复
- 确认是否有其他规则仍然生效。
- 检查规则中的 warm-up 机制是否生效。
- 流控规则配置复杂难懂
- 可以参考 Sentinel 的官方文档以及示例代码。
- 使用可视化工具(如 Sentinel 控制台)来配置规则。
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.init.InitFunc;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class RuleLoadingExample implements InitFunc {
@Override
public void init() {
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
}
}
解决方案与建议
- 确保规则正确加载
- 使用
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules)
方法加载规则。
- 使用
- 检查规则冲突
- 确认是否有其他规则覆盖当前规则。
- 使用可视化工具
- 使用 Sentinel 控制台等可视化工具来配置和调试规则。
示例代码
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Sentinel;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.init.InitFunc;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
public class RuleLoadingExample implements InitFunc {
@Override
public void init() {
List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<>();
FlowRule rule = new FlowRule();
rule.setResource("HelloWorld");
rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
rule.setCount(10);
rule.setWarmUpPeriodMs(10000);
rules.add(rule);
FlowRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
}
}
通过以上示例代码和建议,可以帮助解决常见的流控配置问题。如果还遇到其他具体问题,可以参考 Sentinel 的官方文档和社区支持。
通过以上内容,我们详细介绍了 Sentinel 的安装、基础概念、流控效果的实现和测试,并提供了详细的代码示例。希望这些内容能够帮助你更好地理解和使用 Sentinel。如果你有任何疑问或遇到问题,可以参考官方文档或社区支持。
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