安装依赖包

sudo apt install postgresql-contrib

为表添加扩展

create extension "uuid-ossp";

验证

testdb=> select uuid_generate_v4();
           uuid_generate_v4           
--------------------------------------
 832191a7-414c-4b30-9c96-bc1b0782c784
(1 row)

创建一个使用uuid作为主键的表：

create table table_name
(
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4()
);